Math Puzzle: Finish the Cycle

Eight numbers emerge in sequence according to a certain system. One number is unknown. Can you figure out what it should be?

Graphic shows the following numbers arranged in a circle, interspersed with arrows oriented in a clockwise direction: 4, 16, 37, 58, 89, 145, 42. After 42, there is a question mark indicating the missing number that completes the sequence before the cycle starts again with 4.

Each number is the sum of the squares of the digits of its predecessor.

42 = 16 → 12 + 62 = 37 → 32 + 72 = 58 → 52 + 82 = 89 → 82 + 92 = 145 → 12 + 42 + 52 = 42 → 42 + 22 = 20 → 22 + 02 = 4

The missing number is 20.

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This puzzle originally appeared in Spektrum der Wissenschaft and was reproduced with permission.

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